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Benedict Swingate Calvert
Benedict Swingate Calvert (January 27, 1722 – January 9, 1788) was a planter, politician and a Loyalist in Maryland during the American Revolution. He was the son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, the third Proprietor Governor of Maryland (1699–1751), and may have been the grandson of King George I of Great Britain. His mother's identity is not known, though one source suggests Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham. As he was illegitimate, he was not able to inherit his father's title or estates, which passed instead to his half brother Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771). Benedict Calvert spent most of his life as a politician and planter in Maryland, though Frederick, by contrast, never visited the colony. Calvert became wealthy through proprietarial patronage and became an important colonial official, but he would lose his offices and his political power, though not his land and wealth, during the American Revolution.
==Early life==
Calvert was born Benedict Swinket in England on January 27, 1722, the illegitimate son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, proprietary governor of the Province of Maryland. Although his birth year has been variously given as 1724 or 1730-1732, his own grave marker in the floor of the chancery of St. Thomas Episcopal Church in Croom, Maryland shows the 1722 date, and this would appear to be the most reliable evidence available.〔(Find A Grave webpage for Benedict Swingate Calvert containing a photo of the plaque ) Retrieved July 23, 2015〕
Of course, the possibility exists that he may have deliberately falsified his birthdate in order to protect or obscure the identity of his mother. His mother's identity is not clear, but H. S. Lee Washington, writing in the New England Historic Genealogical Society Register in July 1950, suggests that she was Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham.〔Washington, S. H. L., ''The Royal Stuarts in America'', New England Historical and Genealogical Register, July 1950, p.173-75〕〔Callcott, p.270 suggests that this connection is not reliable, stating that "the connection between Benedict Calvert and the Countess of Walsingham in this article rests on 'family letters' whose location is not given."〕〔(Webpage exploring possible maternity of Benedict Swingate Calvert ) Retrieved Jan 23 2010〕〔(Discussion at Wargs.com of Benedict Swingate Calvert's ancestry ) G. S. H. Lee Washington also published ''Two scions of the Royal Stuarts in Colonial America'', in Notes and Queries, vol. 198, no. 2 (December 1953), pp. 527-529, in which he withdrew the claim of descent from the Countess of Walsingham and identified a different mother for Benedict Swingate Calvert. In a later article, ''Family knowledge in genealogy'', in Notes and Queries, vol. 210, no. 2 (February 1965), pp. 43-47, Washington withdrew both previous claims and identified a different mother entirely. Retrieved September 2010〕 Melusina was the daughter of George I of England and his mistress, Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal.〔(Benedict Swingate Calvert at http://theojanssen.ca ) retrieved Jan 23 2010〕
Whatever the truth of this, it seems likely that Calvert's mother was a person of some consequence. According to a letter of Benedict's daughter-in-law Rosalie Stier Calvert dated 10 June 1814, his mother had been a woman "of the highest rank in England".〔Callcott, p.268〕
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